Gail D'Eramo Melkus

Gail D’Eramo Melkus, EdD, ANP, FAAN, is Professor Emerita and the former vice dean for research and the Florence and William Downs Professor in Nursing Research at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing. Melkus’ sustained interest in eliminating health disparities among vulnerable populations earned her a reputation as a leader in the development and testing of culturally competent models of diabetes care. Her program of intervention research that focuses on physiological and behavioral outcomes of self-management interventions has served as an education and training ground for numerous multidisciplinary scientists.

Melkus currently serves as co-PI and co-investigator or research mentor on numerous funded projects specific to biobehavioral interventions for prevention and management of chronic conditions and related co-morbidities, in mid-life and older adults, including national and international work. Melkus serves as sponsor of K-awards focused on health disparities among vulnerable populations (women with T2D and depression; elderly Blacks at-risk for depression, glycemic control and infection in oncology stem cell recipients, CHD in older adult workers, HIV in adolescents). She is PI for the NINR P20 Center for Precision Health in Diverse Populations.

Before joining the faculty at NYU Meyers, Melkus was the Independence Foundation Professor of Nursing at the Yale University School of Nursing, where, in collaboration with the Diabetes Research Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine in NY, she developed and implemented the Diabetes Care Specialty for advanced practice nurses.

In recognition of her mentorship, Melkus received the 1st Annual NYU CTSI Mentor Award in May 2011, and in 2015 was inducted into the STTI Nurse Researcher Hall of Fame.

Melkus earned her EdD from Columbia University, MS from Yale University, MS from Connecticut State University, and ASN/BS in Nursing from the University of Bridgeport.

MS - Yale University (2003)

EdD - Columbia University (1987)

MS - Connecticut State University (1978)

ASN/BS, Nursing - University of Bridgeport (1976)

Primary care

Non-communicable disease

Women's health

Immigrants

Adult health

American Academy of Nursing

American Diabetes Association

Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science

CT Nursing Association

Eastern Nursing Research Society

Society for Behavioral Medicine

Eastern Nursing Research Award (2020)

International Nurse Researcher Hall of Fame, Sigma Theta Tau (2015)

STTI Nurse Researcher Hall of Fame Inductee (2015)

Fellow, New York Academy of Medicine (2014)

Affiliated Faculty Appointment, University of Georgia (2014)

Distinguished Alumni Award, University of Bridgeport (2014)

Faculty Scholar Appointment, Universita' Tor Vergata (2014)

Advisory Committee Member, Medicare Evidence Development & Coverage (2013)

1st annual Distinguished Mentor Award, NYU Clinical Translational Science Institute (2011)

Distinguished Scholar Award, New York University College of Nursing (2010)

Distinguished Nurse Researcher Award, New York State Nurse Foundation (2009)

Endowed Chair, New York University (2008)

Endowed Chair of the Independence Foundation, Yale University (2004)

Excellence in Nursing Research Award, Diamond Jubilee Virginia Henderson (2003)

Fellow, American Academy of Nursing (2003)

Preliminary testing of a program to prevent type 2 diabetes among high-risk youth

Grey, M., Berry, D., Davidson, M., Galasso, P., Gustafson, E., & Melkus, G. (2004). Journal of School Health, 74(1), 10-15. 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb06595.x

Abstract

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is increasing among youth, with minority youth at highest risk. This preliminary study tested the feasibility of a school-based program to prevent type 2 diabetes in youth at risk. Forty-one participants (age 12.6 ± 1.1 years; 63% female, 51% African American, 44% Hispanic, and 5% Caucasian) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both the experimental and control groups received nutrition education and exercise training. The experimental group also received coping skills training. Data collected included body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, dietary intake (24-Hour Food Recall), self-efficacy (Health Behavior Questionnaire), activity (Revised Godin-Shepard Activity Survey), and parents' health promoting behaviors (Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile III). At baseline BMI ranged from 27 to 53 (M = 36.2 ± 6.0), and 95% (n = 39) demonstrated insulin resistance or pre-diabetes on an oral glucose tolerance test. After 12 months, the experimental group showed trends in improved usual food choices (p = .1) and increased dietary knowledge (p = .3). They also demonstrated lower glucose (p = .07) and insulin levels (p = .2). Experimental group parents demonstrated improved health responsibility (p = .03), healthier nutrition choices (p = .05), improved stress management skills (p = .05), increased activity (p = .2), and increased spirituality (p = .2). Data suggest a school-based program tailored to multiethnic youth may prove successful in helping these youth increase activity, improve nutrition status, and stabilize glucose and insulin metabolism, and also may be effective in changing parent health behavior.

Self-report of depressed mood and depression in women with type 2 diabetes

Whittemore, R., Melkus, G. D., & Grey, M. (2004). Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 25(3), 243-260. 10.1080/01612840490274750

Abstract

Abstract

The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis (N = 53) was to (a) describe the self-reported prevalence of depressed mood and depression in women with type 2 diabetes; (b) to describe the antidepressive agents and dosages prescribed for depression treatment in women with type 2 diabetes; and (c) to examine differences in diabetes-related health outcomes (physiologic, psychosocial, and health functioning variables) with respect to depressed mood. Forty-four percent of women in this sample reported a depressed mood and 34% of the sample reported a history of depression. The majority of women with a history of depression were taking an antidepressive agent at the time of assessment (94%). Most women were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Women with depressed mood demonstrated poorer psychosocial adjustment and health functioning compared to women without a depressed mood; however, no differences in physiological outcomes were demonstrated. Only 18% of the participants were currently being treated with psychotherapy in conjunction with medication. Further research on this understudied population is indicated.

Coronary heart disease prevention and lifestyle interventions: Cultural influences

Chyun, D. A., Amend, A. M., Newlin, K., Langerman, S., & Melkus, G. D. (2003). Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 18(4), 302-318. 10.1097/00005082-200309000-00009

Abstract

Abstract

Unless action is directed to address the multiple influences on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk reduction behaviors, across all population groups, the aims of Healthy People 2010 with regard to CHD will not be realized. Health-promotion and disease-prevention models, including a framework for primordial, primary, and secondary prevention provided by an American Heart Association task force, and a model for interventions to eliminate health disparities are reviewed. The role of culture, ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic status and how these concepts have been studied in recent lifestyle interventions aimed at CHD risk reduction is explored. Finally, these findings are synthesized to provide suggestions for nursing care delivery in primary and tertiary care settings.

Culture within the context of care: An integrative review

Kehoe, K. A., D’Eramo Melkus, G., & Newlin, K. (2003). Ethnicity and Disease, 13(3), 344-353.

Abstract

Abstract

The purpose of this integrative review was to examine the literature on culturally relevant healthcare interventions, and their effect on health outcomes, in an attempt to determine whether culture matters in the context of healthcare delivery. Research literature on culturally relevant interventions from the past 20 years was reviewed using computerized searches of Medline and CINAHL databases. Results of the review indicate that culturally relevant interventions significantly improve health outcomes for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), drug addiction, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other health problems. It appears that the design of culturally relevant interventions does not require specific knowledge of particular ethnic or cultural groups, but of cross-cultural process principles. Because the studies are highly variable with respect to design and method, it is difficult to isolate which particular aspects of the interventions are specifically associated with favorable outcomes. in addition, few of the studies examined long-term effects of the interventions on outcomes.

Linguistic Services in Ambulatory Clinics

Vandervort, E. B., & Melkus, G. D. (2003). Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(4), 358-366. 10.1177/1043659603257338

Abstract

Abstract

A review of the literature reveals few studies that focus on the challenge of language barriers in primary care settings. Recognizing the need for a national consensus on cultural and linguistic standards for health care in the United States, the Office of Minority Health recently released a set of standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate services (CLAS). These standards were utilized to examine the linguistic services available at eight ambulatory care centers in a small New England state in an effort to determine compliance with recommended national standards. Although myriad studies have focused on provision of linguistically appropriate care in emergency rooms (ERs), few studies have specifically examined ambulatory care settings. Numerous strategies have been adopted by individual clinics in an attempt to deal effectively with linguistic barriers. Yet without clear national regulations and dedicated funding for interpreter services, a large spectrum of services exists. Survey data were obtained from on-site visits at select community health clinics to ascertain availability, need, and utilization of linguistic services for patients with limited English proficiency. The majority of patients served by the clinics surveyed were predominantly Spanish-speaking. Results reveal that although most of the clinics provided informal mechanisms of interpreter services, few directly addressed linguistic services as a component of culturally competent care.

Promoting lifestyle change in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

Whittemore, R., Bak, P. S., Melkus, G. D., & Grey, M. (2003). Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 15(8), 341-349. 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2003.tb00407.x

Abstract

Abstract

PURPOSE: To present the theoretical background for lifestyle change interventions in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and to provide pragmatic strategies for advanced practice nurses (APNs) to incorporate such interventions into their practices. DATA SOURCES: Selected scientific literature and the Internet. CONCLUSIONS: There is an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes among adults in the United States. Preventing or managing these health conditions requires significant lifestyle changes by individuals. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: APNs are in a key role to deliver lifestyle change interventions, particularly in the primary care setting. Strategies to assist APNs with lifestyle change counseling include (a) assessment, (b) mutual decision making, (c) referral to education programs, (d) individualized treatment goals, (e) strategies to assist with problem solving, (f) continuing support and encouragement, (g) relapse prevention, and (h) ongoing follow-up.

The relationship of spirituality and health outcomes in black women with type 2 diabetes

Newlin, K., D’Eramo Melkus, G., Chyun, D., & Jefferson, V. (2003). Ethnicity and Disease, 13(1), 61-68.

Abstract

Abstract

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the relationships between spiritual well-being, emotional distress, HbA1c values, and blood pressure levels in a convenience sample of 22 Black women with type 2 diabetes. Results revealed significant inverse correlations between diastolic blood pressure (BP) and both total spiritual well-being (r=-.51, P=.02) and religious well-being (RWB) (r=-.55, P=.01). Women with higher RWB scores tended to have lower diastolic BP, as compared to their counterparts with lower RWB scores (z=2.78, P=.005). Emotional distress was positively related to systolic BP (r=.48, P=.03). These findings suggest that holistic care, addressing the spiritual and emotional dimensions, may foster improved BP levels among Black women with type 2 diabetes, thereby potentially reducing their high risk for secondary complications.

African-American spirituality: A concept analysis

Newlin, K., Knafl, K., & D’Eramo Melkus, G. (2002). Advances in Nursing Science, 25(2), 57-70. 10.1097/00012272-200212000-00005

Abstract

Abstract

Culturally competent care for African Americans requires sensitivity to spirituality as a component of the cultural context. To foster understanding, measurement, and delivery of the spiritual component of culturally competent care, this article presents an evolutionary concept analysis of African-American spirituality. The analysis is based on a sample of multidisciplinary research studies reflecting spirituality of African Americans. Findings indicate that African-American spirituality involves quintessential, internal, external, consoling, and transformative attributive dimensions. Findings are considered in relation to previous conceptual analyses of spirituality and suggest that defining attributes of African-American spirituality are both global and culturally prominent. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

Primary care cancer and diabetes complications screening of black women with type 2 diabetes

Melkus, G. D., Maillet, N., Novak, J., Womack, J., & Hatch-Clein, A. (2002). Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 14(1), 43-48. 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2002.tb00070.x

Abstract

Abstract

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency with which Black women with type 2 diabetes receive routine primary health care screening for cancer and diabetes complications. DATA SOURCES: Pilot study data from a convenience sample of 21 Black women (mean age 46.8 years) with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer screening consisted of Pap smear, mammography, and colon cancer screening consistent with current American Cancer Society recommendations. Ninety percent reported having had a Pap smear, 86% mammogram and 33% colon cancer screening. Diabetes complications screening was based on the American Diabetes Association care recommendations. Fifty-five percent received screening eye exams, 40% were screened for renal proteinuria, and 50% received foot examinations and diabetes foot care instruction. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This sample of mid-life, Black, educated, working women with type 2 diabetes utilize healthcare services and have high rates of primary care cancer screening. Rates of diabetes complications screening are less than optimal. Because Black American women suffer disproportionately high rates of diabetes and related complications, it is imperative that they receive quality diabetes care in an effort to improve health outcomes and decrease premature mortality.

Health-Promotion Practices of Young Black Women at Risk for Diabetes

Jefferson, V. W., Melkus, G. D., & Spollett, G. R. (2000). The Diabetes Educator, 26(2), 295-302. 10.1177/014572170002600210

Abstract

Abstract

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the health-promoting practices of young black women at risk for type 2 diabetes. METHODS The sample consisted of 30 black women from an urban area who had a history of gestational diabetes and/or a first-degree relative with diabetes. Participants completed the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Survey and an interview. Both were used to categorize health-promoting practices, exercise, diet, knowledge of diabetes prevention, and general health. RESULTS Demographic information and interview revealed a propensity towards obesity, despite education and income levels. The results for the Lifestyle II Survey showed a higher average total score for healthy nutrition than physical activity, which were inconsistent with the qualitative data obtained by interview. Fifty percent stated that they exercised as a general health-promoting behavior. Self-reported daily caloric, fiber, and fat intake was high to moderate; 60% reported initiating diet modifications secondary to a desire to lose weight or for medical problems; and 26% reported receiving information on diabetes prevention from a healthcare provider. CONCLUSIONS A systematic approach of planning and actively incorporating health-promoting activities into one's lifestyle as a young adult may protect or delay the onset of diabetes and prevent complications.

Faculty