Gail D'Eramo Melkus

Gail D’Eramo Melkus, EdD, ANP, FAAN, is Professor Emerita and the former vice dean for research and the Florence and William Downs Professor in Nursing Research at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing. Melkus’ sustained interest in eliminating health disparities among vulnerable populations earned her a reputation as a leader in the development and testing of culturally competent models of diabetes care. Her program of intervention research that focuses on physiological and behavioral outcomes of self-management interventions has served as an education and training ground for numerous multidisciplinary scientists.

Melkus currently serves as co-PI and co-investigator or research mentor on numerous funded projects specific to biobehavioral interventions for prevention and management of chronic conditions and related co-morbidities, in mid-life and older adults, including national and international work. Melkus serves as sponsor of K-awards focused on health disparities among vulnerable populations (women with T2D and depression; elderly Blacks at-risk for depression, glycemic control and infection in oncology stem cell recipients, CHD in older adult workers, HIV in adolescents). She is PI for the NINR P20 Center for Precision Health in Diverse Populations.

Before joining the faculty at NYU Meyers, Melkus was the Independence Foundation Professor of Nursing at the Yale University School of Nursing, where, in collaboration with the Diabetes Research Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine in NY, she developed and implemented the Diabetes Care Specialty for advanced practice nurses.

In recognition of her mentorship, Melkus received the 1st Annual NYU CTSI Mentor Award in May 2011, and in 2015 was inducted into the STTI Nurse Researcher Hall of Fame.

Melkus earned her EdD from Columbia University, MS from Yale University, MS from Connecticut State University, and ASN/BS in Nursing from the University of Bridgeport.

MS - Yale University (2003)

EdD - Columbia University (1987)

MS - Connecticut State University (1978)

ASN/BS, Nursing - University of Bridgeport (1976)

Primary care

Non-communicable disease

Women's health

Immigrants

Adult health

American Academy of Nursing

American Diabetes Association

Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science

CT Nursing Association

Eastern Nursing Research Society

Society for Behavioral Medicine

Eastern Nursing Research Award (2020)

International Nurse Researcher Hall of Fame, Sigma Theta Tau (2015)

STTI Nurse Researcher Hall of Fame Inductee (2015)

Fellow, New York Academy of Medicine (2014)

Affiliated Faculty Appointment, University of Georgia (2014)

Distinguished Alumni Award, University of Bridgeport (2014)

Faculty Scholar Appointment, Universita' Tor Vergata (2014)

Advisory Committee Member, Medicare Evidence Development & Coverage (2013)

1st annual Distinguished Mentor Award, NYU Clinical Translational Science Institute (2011)

Distinguished Scholar Award, New York University College of Nursing (2010)

Distinguished Nurse Researcher Award, New York State Nurse Foundation (2009)

Endowed Chair, New York University (2008)

Endowed Chair of the Independence Foundation, Yale University (2004)

Excellence in Nursing Research Award, Diamond Jubilee Virginia Henderson (2003)

Fellow, American Academy of Nursing (2003)

An intervention for multiethnic obese parents and overweight children

Berry, D., Savoye, M., Melkus, G., & Grey, M. (2007). Applied Nursing Research, 20(2), 63-71. 10.1016/j.apnr.2006.01.007

Abstract

Abstract

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effects of the addition of coping skills training for obese multiethnic parents whose overweight children were attending a weight management program. At 6 months, parents in the experimental group had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) and higher numbers of pedometer steps compared with those in the control group. Parents in the experimental group also demonstrated significant improvement in interpersonal relationships, behavior control, and stress management compared with those in the control group. Children in the experimental group demonstrated trends toward decreased BMI and BFP and increased pedometer steps.

Validation of Dietary Intake Data in Black Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Amend, A., Melkus, G. D., Chyun, D. A., Galasso, P., & Wylie-Rosett, J. (2007). Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107(1), 112-117. 10.1016/j.jada.2006.10.004

Abstract

Abstract

The validity of baseline dietary intake data in women participating in a culturally competent intervention study for black women with type 2 diabetes was assessed. The relationship of sociodemographic and physiologic factors with underreporting of dietary intake was determined. Criterion validity of dietary intake, which had been assessed using the Nutritionist Five Collection Form, a combination of a standard 2-day dietary recall and a modified, culturally appropriate food frequency questionnaire, was determined. Data were analyzed using First Data Bank Nutritionist Five (version 2.3, 2000, First Data Bank, San Bruno, CA) software. Validation of baseline dietary data in 109 women was performed by calculating the ratio of energy intake to resting metabolic rate. χ2 and t tests were used to assess relationships between underreporting and sociodemographic and physiologic factors. Mean ratio of energy intake to resting metabolic rate was 1.46 (±0.4). Using a lower limit of 1.35, the prevalence of underreporting was 46.8%. Underreporting was significantly associated with body mass index (P≤0.001) and waist circumference (P<0.001). Use of this combined dietary recall and modified food frequency questionnaire might, therefore, provide more accurate dietary assessment in this population. Additional modification and validity testing is warranted in this and other populations.

The association of psychological factors, physical activity, neuropathy, and quality of life in type 2 diabetes

Chyun, D. A., Melkus, G. D., Katten, D. M., Price, W. J., Davey, J. A., Grey, N., Heller, G., & Wackers, F. J. (2006). Biological Research for Nursing, 7(4), 279-288. 10.1177/1099800405285748

Abstract

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of sociodemographics; diabetes-related factors, including diabetes-related microvascular complications; cardiac risk factors; and psychological factors with quality of life (QOL). Participants enrolled at three sites in the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study were invited to participate in this ancillary study. Questionnaires assessing psychological factors were completed by participants, and the remainder of the data was obtained as part of the DIAD study. Many participants had elevated levels of anxiety (n = 91; 82%), depressive symptoms (n = 16; 14%), anger (n = 38; 34%), and hostility (n = 17; 17%). Results of multivariate analyses conducted for each of the eight domains on the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 and two Diabetes Quality of Life domains demonstrated that in the majority of models (42% to 68% of the variance explained), female sex, peripheral or autonomic neuropathy, physical inactivity, higher body mass index, and the presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety were associated with poorer QOL (p =.0001). These findings demonstrate that anxiety, depressive symptoms, and neuropathy are prevalent in older adults with type 2 diabetes. In addition, potentially important correlations were demonstrated between psychological factors, neuropathy, body mass index, and physical inactivity.

Effectiveness of a self-management program for Thais with type 2 diabetes: An integrative review

Keeratiyutawong, P., Hanucharurnkl, S., Melkus, G., & Vorapongsathon, O. (2006). Thai Journal of Nursing Research, 10(2), 85-97.

Epidemiologic Perspectives of Risk for Developing Diabetes and Diabetes Complications

Berry, D., & Melkus, G. D. (2006). Nursing Clinics of North America, 41(4), 487-498. 10.1016/j.cnur.2006.07.008

Abstract

Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes, particularly T2DM, is increasing both in the United States and worldwide. Identified risk factors, such as glucose intolerance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, often precede and accompany the diagnosis of T2DM. Further, all are associated physiologic alterations of obesity. Obesity that has grown in epidemic proportion, because of overconsumption of calories in the presence of decreased physical activity, affects greater numbers of persons including children and adolescents. National recommendations for screening and diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia provide a basis for early detection, treatment, and intervention that may potentially decrease related complications, and personal and economic costs of the disease. Most important is that knowledge exists about who is at risk for diabetes by weight, family history of diabetes, ethnicity, and history of gestational diabetes that allows for the development and implementation of diabetes primary prevention programs. Multiple national health surveys and databases provide important information for health care providers, systems of care, and communities that can be used to guide such prevention, early screening, and disease detection and intervention programs aimed at decreasing the burden of diabetes.

Glucose and cardiac risk factor control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: Implications for patients and providers

Chyun, D., Lacey, K. O., Katten, D. M., Talley, S., Price, W. J., Davey, J. A., & Melkus, G. D. (2006). Diabetes Educator, 32(6), 925-939. 10.1177/0145721706295016

Abstract

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to describe attainment of glucose and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor goals and to identify factors that were associated with successful goal achievement. Methods: A cross-sectional survey enrolled 110 subjects with type 2 diabetes undergoing screening for asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. Results: Many participants had HbA1c levels ≥7% (45%), and 46% to 79% were not meeting goals for CHD risk reduction. Individual factors of age, gender, and anxiety; the illness-related factor of lipid-lowering therapy; and the family-related factor of living alone were independently associated with 1 of the 7 outcomes under study. Illness-related factors of a longer duration of diabetes were strongly associated with glucose and blood pressure control, insulin use with glucose control and waist circumference, and antihypertensive use with blood pressure, triglycerides, and body mass index. Family-related factors of higher income were significantly associated with poorer glucose control and higher body mass index, while higher levels of perceived support by family and friends were associated with a lower risk of not meeting lipid goals. However, individual factors, represented by several aspects of personal model beliefs (exercising regularly, testing glucose, and checking one's feet) and physical activity, were consistently related to lipid and weight control. Conclusions: A variety of factors were associated with control of blood glucose and CHD risk factors, suggesting that a one-size-fits-all approach to multiple risk factor reduction efforts may not result in goal attainment.

The impact of screening for asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Chyun, D. A., Katten, D. M., Melkus, G. D., Talley, S., Davey, J. A., & Wackers, F. J. (2006). Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 21(2), E1-E7. 10.1097/00005082-200603000-00015

Abstract

Abstract

Little is known about factors that contribute to either emotional or behavior outcomes following screening for coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this prospective study was to explore these outcomes, along with potentially contributing factors in individuals enrolled in a screening trial for asymptomatic CAD. Included were 47 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected at study baseline and 3 and 6 months following entry by self-administered questionnaires and telephone follow-up. Emotional outcomes (quality of life and anxiety) tended to improve in those who underwent more aggressive screening with myocardial perfusion imaging, as well as in those who discussed the results of laboratory tests with their providers. Lower levels of diabetes competence and higher levels of controlled motivation for diet were associated with poorer emotional outcomes. Improvements in CAD risk factor behaviors were not observed.

Preface

Melkus, G. D. (2006). Nursing Clinics of North America, 41(4), xi-xii. 10.1016/j.cnur.2006.08.002

Recruitment of black women with type 2 diabetes into a self-management intervention trial

Newlin, K., Melkus, G. D., Jefferson, V., Langerman, S., Womack, J., & Chyun, D. (2006). Ethnicity and Disease, 16(4), 956-962.

Abstract

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of recruitment methods to enrollment status in Black women with type 2 diabetes screened for entry into a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Using a cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling procedures, data were collected on recruitment methods to which the women responded (N=236). Results demonstrated that the RCT had a moderate overall recruitment rate of 46% and achieved only 84% of its projected accrual goal (N=109). Chi-square analysis demonstrated that enrollment outcomes varied significantly according to recruitment methods (P=.05). Recruitment methods such as community health fairs (77.8%), private practice referrals (75.0%), participant referrals (61.5%), community clinic referrals (44.6%), community advertising and marketing (40.9%), and chart review (40.4%) demonstrated variable enrollment yields. Results confirm previous findings that indicate that Black Americans may be successfully recruited into research studies at moderate rates when traditional recruitment methods are enhanced and integrated with more culturally sensitive methods. Lessons learned are considered.

Tomando control: A culturally appropriate diabetes education program for Spanish-speaking individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus - Evaluation of a pilot project

Mauldon, M., Melkus, G. D., & Cagganello, M. (2006). Diabetes Educator, 32(5), 751-760. 10.1177/0145721706291999

Faculty