Publications

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes is considerably higher among ethnic minorities, particularly black and Hispanic Americans, than in the nonminority white population. Obesity, a significant risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also is more common in these ethnic groups. Because the combined effects of obesity and NIDDM can lead to potentially serious complications, overweight patients with NIDDM must be treated aggressively. However, effective treatment of these ethnic groups requires a sensitivity to and recognition of their unique cultural values. Diabetes educators and health care providers need to take into account specific ethnic beliefs, customs, food patterns, and health care practices, with the goal of incorporating these cultural factors into a practical and beneficial treatment regimen.

Abstract

The authors discuss prostitution as a high-risk behavior for HIV infection and transmission, using data from interviews with prostitutes in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and New York City. "The primary objective is to share some of the information gained in research interviews and street work so that it can be utilized to assist efforts at reaching such high risk behavior populations with appropriate AIDS prevention information, testing, counseling and health services." Factors considered include prostitute characteristics, the pimp, perceived roles of the prostitute, power and control, risky sexual practices, and knowledge, attitudes, and behavior relating to AIDS. excerpt

Abstract

The number of reported AIDS cases in women rose to 12.8% of all reported cases in 1991. Nurses caring for HIV-infected women must be aware of the clinical issues as well as emotional and practical problems posed by HIV infection in order to design a plan of care that addresses patients' specific needs.

Abstract

Type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) occurs predominantly in adults, especially in those individuals over age 30. This disease was formerly called maturity-onset or adult-onset diabetes. A subclass of NIDDM was devised, however, for those families in which children, adolescents, or young adults develop what is referred to as maturity-onset diabetes of the young. This article reviews issues related to treatment modalities for those with type II NIDDM, including dietary management, physical activity, and pharmacologic therapy.

Abstract

Demonstration sessions of cognitive therapy (Beck), cognitive behavior modification (Meichenbaum), and short-term psychodynamic therapy (Strupp) with the same patient, Richard, were compared. These therapies were analyzed using the Coding System of Therapeutic Focus, a recently developed system to analyze therapist statements in a language that is neutral with respect to psychotherapy orientation. In comparison to the other therapists, Beck focused more on the cognitive triad of Richard's thoughts about self, world, and future. Although all three therapists placed a comparable emphasis on the impact that other people had on the patient, both Meichenbaum and Strupp focused more than Beck on the impact Richard may have had on others.

Abstract

This paper examines the effectiveness of a nursing intervention for elderly hospitalized patients (N=235) as measured by functional outcomes. A nursing intervention targeted at factors which influence acute confusion or delirium employed strategies to educate nursing staff, mobilize patients, monitor medication and make environmental and sensory modifications. Subjects who received the intervention were more likely to improve in functional status from admission to discharge than subjects who did not receive the intervention.

Abstract

Because he’s immunocompromised, your HIV-positive patient is susceptible to a number of skin disorders. Review the following photographs to familiarize yourself with some of them.