Publications

Abstract

Background: Secure firearm storage is a proposed method for reducing intentional and unintentional firearm injury and death among US military service members. However, little is known about suggested key messengers and optimal message content to promote secure firearm storage practices among at-risk US service members. This qualitative study focused on military spouse and stakeholder perspectives concerning key messengers and message content for the delivery of effective messaging around promoting secure firearm storage practices among US service members. Methods: Military spouses and stakeholders of military support organisations were recruited at various military installations in the USA and completed either individual or group qualitative interviews via Zoom consisting of open-ended questions on perspectives of effective messaging for secure firearm storage for at-risk service members. Qualitative analysis included comprehensive memoing, regularly scheduled team meetings and triangulation of data with established literature. Results: 56 participants were interviewed between August 2022 and March 2023. Participants identified key messengers for promoting secure firearm storage as peers, chaplains, clinicians or a combination. Perspectives on preferred message content for the promotion of secure firearm storage consisted of focusing on lived experience, personal anecdotes and relatable stories. Discussion and conclusions: Extant research has focused exclusively on firearm owners' perspectives of effective messaging for the promotion of secure firearm storage practices. This study highlights the important contributions of military spouses and stakeholder perspectives on who are credible messengers and what is the most effective message content to promote a perspective shift on how firearms are stored among military firearm owners.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mobile health (mHealth)-delivered, theory-guided, culturally tailored storytelling narrative (STN) intervention to increase cervical cancer screening among Malawian women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: This study involved two phases: Phase 1: development of a theory-guided and culturally adapted STN intervention and Phase 2: a pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three arms: Arm 1: tablet-based video (mHealth) with STN (n = 60); Arm 2: mHealth with a video of nonnarrative educational materials (n = 59); and Arm 3: control group with only reading nonnarrative educational materials in person (n = 60). Cervical cancer screening was measured using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) uptakes by self-report and health passport record review at 2 and 6 months after intervention. Results: Both arms 1 and 2 had nearly twice the rate of VIA uptakes than those in Arm 3 (51.0% and 50.0%, respectively, vs. 35.0%, P = 0.01) at 2 months follow-up, but there were no differences among groups from 2- to 6-month follow-ups. All groups demonstrated significant improvement of knowledge about risk factors, intention, and VIA uptakes. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the preliminary effectiveness of the intervention on cervical cancer screening behavior and the feasibility of the study regarding recruitment, retention, treatment fidelity, and acceptability of the single 30-min session. The feasibility and the preliminary results of the effectiveness of the proposed study indicate scaling up the STN intervention to a larger population of women to increase cervical cancer screening uptake to prevent deaths due to cervical cancer in Malawi.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the difficulties nurses face, resulting in higher turnover rates and workforce shortages. This study investigated the relationships between nurses' moral distress, burnout, and turnover intention during the last stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also explored the coping strategies nurses use to mitigate moral distress. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this study analyzed data from 307 nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in acute care hospitals through an online survey conducted in November 2022. Our data analysis encompassed quantitative methods, including descriptive statistics and path analysis, using a generalized structural equation model. For the qualitative aspect, we examined open-ended responses from 246 nurses using inductive content analysis. The quantitative findings revealed that nurses' moral distress had a significant direct effect on turnover intention. In addition, burnout significantly mediated the relationship between moral distress and turnover intention. Qualitative analyses contextualized the relationships uncovered in the quantitative analyses. The qualitative analysis identified various positive and negative coping strategies. Positive strategies included a commitment to minimize COVID-19 transmission risks, adopting a holistic approach amidst the challenges posed by the pandemic, voicing concerns for patient safety, engaging in continuous learning, and prioritizing self-care. Conversely, negative strategies involved adopting avoidance behaviors stemming from feelings of powerlessness and adopting a passive approach to one's role. Notably, some participants shifted from positive to negative coping strategies because of institutional barriers and challenges. The findings underscore the importance for hospital administrators and nurse managers to acknowledge the impact of the pandemic-related challenges encountered by nurses and recognize the link among moral distress, burnout, and turnover intention. It highlights the essential role of organizational and managerial support in fostering effective coping strategies among nurses to address moral distress.

Abstract

Aim: To explore, review and assess the literature on motivation for physical activity in low-income adults to inform future research and clinical interventions. Design: An integrative review of the literature on motivation for physical activity in low-income adults. Methods: Whittemore and Knaul's five-stage methodological approach for integrative reviews was utilised. Studies written in English that focused primarily on low-income adults discussed physical activity and included a component of motivation or drive were included. The Johns Hopkins Evidence Level and Quality Guide was used to assess the quality of the studies. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscuss and Google Scholar from 1 January 2018 – 23 August 2024. Results: A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three main categories of factors impacting physical activity in low-income adults were identified: (1) motivators for physical activity, (2) barriers for physical activity (3) and items that were both a motivator and a barrier. Despite the key role nurses play in promoting health and wellness, studies conducted by nurses or employing nursing interventions were notably absent. Conclusion: This integrative literature review highlights the need for more information about what motivates low-income adults to be more physically active. Implications for the Profession: Understanding the experience of low-income adults with physical activity is integral to meeting their needs and facilitating increased physical activity. Future research should utilise nursing theories and interventions to improve physical activity levels among low-income adults. Impact: This study addressed physical inactivity in low-income adults. More information is needed about motivation for physical activity. This information will impact researchers and clinicians. Reporting Method: The search strategy and reporting method were consistent with PRISMA guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution.

Abstract

Introduction: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a newly proposed pre-dementia syndrome characterized by subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and slow gait (SG). Increasing evidence links MCR to several adverse health outcomes, but the specific relationship between MCR and the risk of frailty, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) remains unclear. Additionally, literature lacks analysis of MCR's components and associated health outcomes, complicating risk identification. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of MCR's predictive value for adverse health outcomes. Methods: Relevant crosssectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies examining the association between MCR and adverse health outcomes were extracted from ten electronic databases. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and modified NOS were used to assess the risk of bias in studies included in the analysis. Relative ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled for outcomes associated with MCR. Results: Twenty-eight longitudinal or cohort studies and four cross-sectional studies with 1,224,569 participants were included in the final analysis. The risk of bias in all included studies was rated as low or moderate. Pooled analysis of RR indicated that MCR had a greater probability of increased the risk of dementia (adjusted RR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.94-2.11), cognitive impairment (adjusted RR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.49-1.99), falls (adjusted RR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.17-1.50), mortality (adjusted RR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.32-2.10), and hospitalization (adjusted RR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.16-1.84); MCR had more prominent predictive efficacy for AD (adjusted RR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.81-2.76) compared to VaD (adjusted RR = 3.78; 95% CI = 0.49-28.95), while excluding analyses from the study that utilized the timed-up-and-go test and one-leg-standing to evaluate gait speed. One study examined the association between MCR and disability (hazard ratios [HR] = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.08-2.02) and frailty (OR = 5.53; 95% CI = 1.46-20.89). SG was a stronger predictor of the risk for dementia and falls than SCC (adjusted RR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.11-1.34 vs. adjusted RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03-1.38). Conclusion: MCR increases the risk of developing any discussed adverse health outcomes, and the predictive value for AD is superior to VaD. Additionally, SG is a stronger predictor of dementia and falls than SCC. Therefore, MCR should be routinely assessed among adults to prevent poor prognosis and provide evidence to support future targeted interventions.

Abstract

Physical inactivity is a major public health concern, but for hospitalized adults, the results of immobility are even more alarming. The “trauma of hospitalization” is a syndrome that refers to the collective impact of immobility, sleep deficits, and malnutrition associated with hospitalization and contributes to functional deficits. Functional decline is a modifiable and preventable risk factor. Nursing, at the center of patient care, is poised to coordinate the patient's mobility activities. Multiple steps to stave off functional decline to improve health outcomes for older adults are in the control of nurses and nursing practice and reflect the goals of the NICHE practice model.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic severely disrupted hospice care, yet there is little research regarding how widespread disruptions affected clinician and family decision-making. We aimed to understand how the pandemic affected structures, processes, and outcomes of end-of-life care. Research Design and Methods: Retrospective narrative chart review of electronic health records of 61 patients referred and admitted to hospice from 3 New York City geriatrics practices who died between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. We linked longitudinal, unstructured medical, and hospice electronic health record notes to create a real-time, multiperspective trajectory of patients' interactions with providers using directed content analysis. Results: Most patients had dementia and were enrolled in hospice for 11 days. Care processes were shaped by structural factors (staffing, supplies, and governmental/institutional policies), and outcomes were prioritized by care teams and families (protecting safety, maintaining high-touch care, honoring patient values, and supporting patients emotionally and spiritually). Processes used to achieve these outcomes were decision-making, care delivery, supporting a "good death,"and emotional and spiritual support. Discussion and Implications: Care processes were negotiated throughout the end of life, with clinicians and families making in-the-moment decisions. Some adaptations were effective but also placed extraordinary pressure on paid and family caregivers. Healthcare teams' and families' goals to meet patients' end-of-life priorities can be supported by ongoing assessment of patient goals and process changes needed to support them, stronger structural supports for paid and family caregivers, incentivizing relationships across primary care and hospice teams, and extending social work and spiritual care.

Abstract

Young adults thrust into the role of caregiving for parents with young-onset dementia (YOD) face unique challenges during their formative years. While existing research acknowledges the crucial role of young adult caregivers, a gap persists in understanding how this group experiences and redefines their identity amidst these circumstances, along with the psychological and societal challenges encountered. This knowledge deficit hinders the identification of suitable social support, adversely affecting the personal growth and well-being of these young adult caregivers. In this single-case study, we used a combination of a semi-structured interview and photovoice to explore the journey of a 19-year-old caregiver, Alice, whose mother had been diagnosed with dementia in the preceding 3 years. Through this unique perspective, we aimed to illuminate how caregiving for a mother with YOD may profoundly redefine familial roles and relationships. Over 3 months, Alice captured significant life moments through photography, selecting meaningful images for bi-weekly meetings. These images served as pivotal themes, triggering in-depth conversations during subsequent interviews to provide nuanced insights into her life experiences. Findings reveal four major themes faced by a young caregiver: (1) challenges adapting to an unexpected role, (2) navigating the complex emotional terrain of losing a loved one to YOD, (3) prioritizing the well-being of the healthy parent, and (4) expressing a profound desire for both informal and formal support. These results underscore the intricate identity and emotional challenges faced by young adult caregivers, emphasizing the urgency of addressing their unique needs through family-centered systemic support services.

Abstract

Background: Young-onset dementia (YOD) refers to dementia occurring before the age of 65, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common form, posing distinct challenges for spousal caregivers. Objective: This study aims to investigate the unique experiences of spousal caregivers of persons with YOD in China, where dementia-specific community care services and primary healthcare professionals are relatively lacking, in order to inform the tailored support services development. Methods: This qualitative-design study utilized semi-structured interviews with 11 spousal caregivers of persons with YOD dwelling in the community. Traditional content analysis was employed to analyze the interview data. Results: Limited dementia-specific healthcare professionals and low public awareness made diagnosing and accepting YOD a prolonged and challenging journey. Spousal caregivers faced skepticism when seeking diagnosis, exacerbating their burden and emotional stress. Disparities in healthcare professionals and insufficient collaboration between institutions worsened the situation. YOD significantly impacted family dynamics and led to changes in emotional communication within the family. The stigma surrounding YOD raised concerns among spousal caregivers about their children’s future in marriage and career, emphasizing genetic risks. Conclusions: In settings where dementia-specific community care services and primary healthcare professionals are limited and unevenly distributed, integrating support services at both the primary and community levels is crucial for families dealing with YOD in the community. Additionally, raising public awareness about YOD can foster a more understanding and supportive environment, addressing challenges related to stigma faced by affected families, contributing to increased investment in supporting resources, and encouraging individuals to seek help early on.

Abstract

The major healthcare challenge addressed by Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders (NICHE), a program of NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, has been the need for evidence-based knowledge in the nursing care of older adults. NICHE has successfully developed this knowledge by pioneering the development of geriatric nursing clinical protocols and most importantly has developed a sustainable model for knowledge transfer across multiple healthcare delivery systems with nursing staff at all levels of practice encompassing nursing assistants, licensed practical nurses, registered nurses, and advanced practice nurses.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension are two important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Numerous studies have highlighted the interplay between these two conditions. We provide a critical review of the current literature on the role of the OSA as a risk factor for hypertension and its effect on blood pressure (BP). We discuss several key topics: the effect of OSA on nocturnal BP, BP response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, CPAP effect on BP in refractory hypertension, the role of OSA in BP variability (BPV), and maladaptive cardiac remodeling mediated by OSA’s effect on BP. Finally, we discuss the unique aspects of ethnicity and social determinants of health on OSA with a focus on Asian populations and the disparity in BP control and cardiovascular outcomes.

Abstract

Background: Home-based care may cover anything from 24-hour support for people with a disability, to short-term post-discharge care, or to periodic assistance with simple tasks such as domestic aid for frail older people. The process can be complex and time-consuming and requires coordination between the individual, their family caregivers, and healthcare providers. Receiving care at home can also lead to social isolation as older people may have limited opportunities for social interaction. This study aimed to investigate older people’s experience and related factors while receiving home-based long-term care services. Methods: A qualitative study was used. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted with people who were receiving nursing care in their homes (N = 17) and analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: Analysis of interview data resulted in the identification of three major themes that captured participants’ personal experiences regarding long-term care in the home: (1) Challenges faced by older people receiving long-term care at home; (2) The impact of home care services on people’s social well-being; and (3) Older people’s contradictory emotions regarding care delivery. Conclusions: Findings of the study revealed that the most important and challenging factors in home care from the perspective of older people were social well-being, religious needs, and physical needs. They considered the nurses who provided these services as family members and the most significant helpers in their daily activities. Participants expressed a desire for more services in the future.

Abstract

Background: Oral frailty has become a worldwide problem among older adults. Although researchers have conducted various studies on oral frailty, its definition remains controversial. Purpose: To clarify the concept of oral frailty. Methods: Online databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang database were searched from inception to September 20, 2023. The reference lists of relevant studies were searched manually. Eligible articles, theses, and books were analyzed using Walker & Avant’s concept analysis model. Results: The attributes of oral frailty were abnormal oral structure and/or decline in multi-faceted oral function and coexisting decline in physical, cognitive and social functions. Its antecedents were aging, social frailty, and severe periodontitis, whereas its consequences were decline in physical health and mental health, social withdrawal, lower quality of life and systemic frailty. Conclusion: Oral frailty could result in worse conditions among older adults physically, psychologically and socially. Tools based on the concept analysis need to be developed to comprehensively assess oral frailty.

Abstract

Background: Although the prevalence of poor oral health among older populations in Australia and the United States is higher, the contribution of ethnicity status is unknown. We aimed to estimate the contribution of social inequalities in oral health among older populations in Australia and the United States. Methods: Cross-sectional study design using data from Australia’s National Survey of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH 2004–06 and 2017–18) and the United States’ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003–04 and 2011–16). Participants included in the analysis were aged 65 + years. Oaxaca-Blinder type decomposition analysis was used to assess the contribution of demographic (age, sex), socioeconomic position (educational attainment, household income) and dental behaviors (last dental visit) to changes in prevalence of edentulism and non-functional dentition, and mean number of missing teeth by ethnicity status over time in Australia and the United States. Results: The number of participants aged 65 + years who provided clinical and sociodemographic/dental behaviour data was 1043 and 1269 in NSAOH 2004–06 and 2017–18, and 1372 and 1328 in NHANES 2003–04 and 2011–16 respectively. The prevalence of edentulism was from 13 percent (NHANES 2011–16) to 28 percent (NSAOH 2004–06), while the prevalence of non-functional dentition was from 41 percent (NSAOH 2017–18 and NHANES 2011–16) to 61 percent (NHANES 2003–04). The mean number of missing teeth was from 11 (NSAOH 2017–18) to 18 (NHANES 2003–04). The prevalence of edentulism and non-functional dentition, and the mean number of missing teeth were higher among older Australians identifying as White and the opposite results were observed among older Americans identifying as Non-White. For older adults in Australia, risk factors with the greatest impact on oral health outcomes by ethnicity status were educational attainment and household income. For older adults in the United States, the most dominant risk factor for non-optimal oral health outcomes by ethnicity status was last dental visit. Conclusions: There are important policy translation implications from our findings, as they indicate that social and structural systems in Australia and the United States operate differently in the context of oral health over time among culturally diverse older citizens. This information will help inform initiatives that both target effective oral health promotion for older, culturally-diverse populations and provide evidence for the distribution of resources in the public dental health setting for this age group and cultural demographic.

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Primary palliative nursing in home health care (HHC) can be delivered to medically complex patients across the lifespan. Primary palliative nursing provides patient- and family-centered care for serious illness by alleviating the stress and symptoms of illness; coordinating care; and supporting the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of care. In this article, two case scenarios of patients in different phases of life serve as examples of primary palliative nursing in HHC. Key elements and challenges of delivering primary palliative nursing care in HHC are also highlighted.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Cultural differences in intergenerational relationships have been well established in prior research. However, cross-national comparison evidence on the parent-child relationship and its health implications remains limited. Research Design and Methods: Data from the 2014 U.S. Health and Retirement Study and the 2015 Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in China were used (NUS, non-Hispanic Whites only = 3,918; NChina = 4,058). Relationship indicators included coresidence, living nearby, having weekly contact, receiving assistance with daily activities, providing grandchild care, and financial transfer to/from children. Latent class and regression analyses were conducted. Results: Four classes were identified for non-Hispanic White older Americans: (1) distant and uninvolved (6.58%), (2) geographically proximate with frequent contact and downward support (47.04%), (3) coresident with frequent contact and upward support (13.1%), and (4) geographically proximate with frequent contact (33.28%). Three classes were identified among older Chinese: (1) coresident with frequent contact and upward support (37.46%), (2) coresident/interdependent (25.65%), and (3) geographically proximate with frequent contact and upward financial support (36.89%). For non-Hispanic White older Americans, providing downward support was associated with fewer functional limitations and better cognition. Receiving instrumental support from children was associated with more depressive symptoms, more functional limitations, and poorer cognition among older Chinese. Discussion and Implications: Cultural contrasts were evident in parent-child relationship typologies and their health implications. Compared to the U.S. non-Hispanic Whites, parent-child relationships in China tended to be closer and associated with poorer health status. The findings call for culturally relevant strategies to improve parent-child relationships and ultimately promote the health of older adults.

Abstract

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and recent state-level practice regulation changes, one health system sought innovative strategies to prepare new to practice registered nurses (RNs) to directly enter the specialty of emergency nursing. The emergency department (ED) nurse leaders and educators collaborated with an affiliated college of nursing to develop an academic–practice partnership for prelicensure students interested in emergency nursing. The program included both classroom-based instruction and clinical learning in the health system’s EDs. A descriptive study was completed to evaluate the program participants’ opinions regarding the classroom-based and clinical learning experiences during this program, as well as their plans for employment as RNs.

Abstract

Background: Tissue-based gene expression (genomic) tests provide estimates of prostate cancer aggressiveness and are increasingly used for patients considering or engaged in active surveillance. However, little is known about patient experiences with genomic testing and its role in their decision-making. Methods: We performed a qualitative study consisting of in-depth, semi-structured interviews of patients with low- or favourable-intermediate-risk prostate cancer managed with active surveillance. We purposively sampled to include patients who received biopsy-based genomic testing as part of clinical care. The interview guide focused on experiences with genomic testing during patients' decision-making for prostate cancer management and understanding of genomic test results. We continued interviews until thematic saturation was reached, iteratively created a code key and used conventional content analysis to analyse data. Results: Participants' (n = 20) mean age was 68 years (range 51–79). At initial biopsy, 17 (85%) had a Gleason grade group 1, and 3 (15%) had a grade group 2 prostate cancer. The decision to undergo genomic testing was driven by both participants and physicians' recommendations; however, some participants were unaware that testing had occurred. Overall, participants understood the role of genomic testing in estimating their prostate cancer risk, and the test results increased their confidence in the decision for active surveillance. Participants had some misconceptions about the difference between tissue-based gene expression tests and germline genetic tests and commonly believed that tissue-based tests measured hereditary cancer risk. While some participants expressed satisfaction with their physicians' explanations, others felt that communication was limited and lacked sufficient detail. Conclusion: Patients interact with and are influenced by the results of biopsy-based genomic testing during active surveillance for prostate cancer, despite gaps in understanding about test results. Our findings indicate areas for improvement in patient counselling in order to increase patient knowledge and comfort with genomic testing.

Abstract

Background: Philippines is one of the top ten countries of birth among individuals with tuberculosis in New York City (NYC). The NYC Health Department (HD) screened Filipino-born New Yorkers for latent TB infection (LTBI), but few of those tested positive completed evaluation and treatment. Objective: To increase the proportion of Filipinos with a positive QuantiFeron-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) complete LTBI evaluation and treatment. Methods: Nine community-based LTBI screening events were conducted during September-December 2021. Patients with positive QFT-Plus results were offered no-cost LTBI evaluation and treatment at HD Chest Clinic. The HD engaged culturally- and linguistically-competent Filipino patient navigators (PN) to facilitate LTBI evaluation and treatment. Results: Of 77 Filipinos screened, 17 (22%) tested positive. Fourteen (82%) were evaluated for LTBI; eight of the 14 (57%) completed LTBI treatment. Conclusions: Pairing patients with culturally- and linguistically- competent Filipino PNs contributed to an increase in the proportion of Filipinos with a positive QFT-Plus who completed LTBI evaluation and treatment. TB prevention programs may wish to consider PNs in LTBI patient care.

Abstract

Background: Health-related decision-making is a complex process given the variability of treatment options, conflicting treatment plans, time constraints and variable outcomes. This complexity may result in patients experiencing decisional regret following decision-making. Nonetheless, literature on decisional regret in the healthcare context indicates inconsistent characterization and operationalization of this concept. Aim(s): To conceptually define the phenomenon of decisional regret and synthesize the state of science on patients' experiences with decisional regret. Design: A concept analysis. Methods: Rodgers' evolutionary method guided the conceptualization of this review. An interdisciplinary literature search was conducted from 2003 until 2023 using five databases, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science. The search informed how the concept manifested across health-related literature. We used PRISMA-ScR checklist to guide the reporting of this review. Results: Based on the analysis of 25 included articles, a conceptual definition of decisional regret was proposed. Three defining attributes underscored the negative cognitive-emotional nature of this concept, post-decisional experience relating to the decision-making process, treatment option and/or treatment outcome and an immediate or delayed occurrence. Antecedents preceding decisional regret comprised initial psychological or emotional status, sociodemographic determinants, impaired decision-making process, role regret, conflicting treatment plans and adverse treatment outcomes. Consequences of this concept included positive and negative outcomes influencing quality of life, health expectations, patient-provider relationship and healthcare experience appraisal. A conceptual model was developed to summarize the concept's characteristics. Conclusion: The current knowledge on decisional regret is expected to evolve with further exploration of this concept, particularly for the temporal dimension of regret experience. This review identified research, clinical and policy gaps informing our nursing recommendations for the concept's evolution. No Patient or Public Contribution: This concept analysis examines existing literature and does not require patient-related data collection. The methodological approach does not necessitate collaboration with the public.

Abstract

Hypertension and depression are increasingly common noncommunicable diseases in Ghana and worldwide, yet both are poorly controlled. We sought to understand how healthcare workers in rural Ghana conceptualize the interaction between hypertension and depression, and how care for these two conditions might best be integrated. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study involving in-depth interviews with 34 healthcare workers in the Kassena-Nankana districts of the Upper East Region of Ghana. We used conventional content analysis to systematically review interview transcripts, code the data content and analyze codes for salient themes. Respondents detailed three discrete conceptual models. Most emphasized depression as causing hypertension: through both emotional distress and unhealthy behavior. Others posited a bidirectional relationship, where cardiovascular morbidity worsened mood, or described a single set of underlying causes for both conditions. Nearly all proposed health interventions targeted their favored root cause of these disorders. In this representative rural Ghanaian community, healthcare workers widely agreed that cardiovascular disease and mental illness are physiologically linked and warrant an integrated care response, but held diverse views regarding precisely how and why. There was widespread support for a single primary care intervention to treat both conditions through counseling and medication.

Abstract

Background: Although secure firearm storage can prevent firearm injury and death, secure storage is relatively rare. This tendency may be driven in part by a perceived lack of utility for secure storage in preventing suicide and other gun violence-related outcomes. Method: We recruited a large (n = 3510) representative sample of residents from five US states and assessed the degree to which those who do and do not store their firearms securely perceive different utility in specific firearm storage practices for suicide prevention. To test for specificity, we examined if those differences hold when considering unintentional shooting and firearm theft prevention. Results: Those who currently store their firearms unsecured reported lower perceived utility in several firearm storage practices, particularly for suicide and theft prevention. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that a lack of perceived utility in secure firearm storage may partially drive unsecure firearm storage. Efforts to promote secure storage must address this misperception.

Abstract

Introduction: Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) are the most common complications during the perinatal period. There is limited understanding of the gaps between need and provision of comprehensive health services for childbearing people, especially among racialized populations. Methods: The Giving Voice to Mothers Study (GVtM; n = 2700), led by a multistakeholder, Steering Council, captured experiences of engaging with perinatal services across the United States, including access, respectful care, and health systems’ responsiveness. A patient-designed survey included variables to assess relationships between race, care provider type (midwife or doctor), and needs for psychosocial health services. We calculated summary statistics and tested for significant differences across racialized groups, subsequently reporting odds ratios (ORs) for each group. Results: Among all respondents, 11% (n = 274) reported unmet needs for social and mental health services. Indigenous women were three times as likely to have unmet needs for treatment for depression (OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 3.1 [1.5–6.5]) or mental health counseling (OR [95% CI]: 2.8 [1.5–5.4]), followed by Black women (OR [95% CI]: 1.8 [1.2–2.8] and 2.4 [1.7–3.4]). Odds of postpartum screening for PMAD were significantly lower for Latina women (OR [95% CI] = 0.6 [0.4–0.8]). Those with midwife providers were significantly more likely to report screening for anxiety or depression (OR [95% CI] = 1.81 [1.45–2.23]) than those with physician providers. Discussion: We found significant unmet need for mental health screening and treatment in the United States. Our results confirm racial disparities in referrals to social services and highlight differences across provider types. We discuss barriers to the integration of assessments and interventions for PMAD into routine perinatal services. Implications: We propose incentivizing reimbursement schema for screening and treatment programs; for community-based organizations that provide mental health and social services; and for culture-centered midwife-led perinatal and birth centers. Addressing these gaps is essential to reproductive justice.