Publications

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish construct validity of the Haber Level of Differentiation of Self Scale (LDSS) that measures selected aspects of the construct, differentiation of self, the key concept of the Bowen Theory. During stage one of this study, a 32-item Likert-type LDSS, which contained two subscales, Emotional Maturity, (EM), and Emotional Dependency (ED), was administered to 372 volunteer subjects. Factor analytic and correlational findings indicated support for a 24-item unidimensional rather than a 32-item two subscale instrument. Recalculation of coefficient alpha (.90) also supported the unidimensional structure of the LDSS. During stage two of this study, the revised 24-item LDSS was administered to 372 volunteer subjects, who also completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Life Experience Survey, and the Behavior Checklist. Hypotheses predicted that there would be negative relationships between differentiation of self and trait anxiety, state anxiety, adult psychological dysfunction, and negative impact stress. Findings indicate support for all hypotheses at the p < .01 level of significance or greater. Data from this study suggest that the 24-item LDSS is a valid and reliable unidimensional family assessment tool that accurately measures specific aspects of the construct, differentiation of self. The LDSS can be used by nurses and other professionals to assess individual and family functioning in a variety of health care settings.

Abstract

In this article, the authors report on part one of a three-part investigation studying the impact of bedside terminals at New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. Using a before-after parallel control-group design, the quality of computerized nursing documentation was studied before and after adding computers to patient rooms. The quality of documentation was defined by timeliness and completeness of data. The study hypothesis, which predicted a positive relationship between the presence of bedside terminals and the quality of nursing documentation, was not supported. Study results showed a minimal use of the computer terminals located in patient rooms. A surprising result was the use of terminals located in rooms other than that of the patient for which documentation was made.

Abstract

This article explores the gap that currently exists between nursing research and nursing practice. The aim is to promote the conversion of new knowledge into practical innovations. Barriers to research utilization in practice settings come from both the academic and clinical arenas. Innovative models and strategies are needed to overcome these barriers. The purposes and value of research utilization and the clinical and academic strategies that facilitate research are discussed. Supporting clinical studies are provided as exemplars.

Abstract

Objectives. Understanding more about the psychological state of persons notified of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is critical for designing notification and counseling programs that will have the most positive effect. Methods. The subjects were blood donors who had been notified of HIV infection by the New York Blood Center. A nurse elicited a medical history, performed a limited medical examination, and asked the subjects to complete a questionnaire that included questions about drug use, sexual behavior, and psychological characteristics. The subjects completed another questionnaire approximately 2 weeks later. Results. The average depressive symptom scores for both men and women were substantially higher than scores typically found in representative population samples. More than a quarter of the men and more than a third of the women reported seeking psychological or psychiatric services in the first few weeks following notification. Conclusions. Anticipating and meeting individuals' psychological needs may be necessary if HIV screening programs are to address effectively the needs of persons infected with HIV.

Abstract

Diarrhea is a common manifestation of HIV disease which most nurses will find themselves confronting at some point. It can be extremely debilitating, as well as causing psychological distress to patients. Treatment depends on etiology; it may be successful if the diarrhea is caused by a specific enteric pathogen or a specific medication the patient is taking. However, often the diarrhea cannot be resolved and treatment must be by supportive measures. Management has three components: diet, anti-diarrheal agents, and skin care. A multidisciplinary team provides the most effective approach for managing these complex, difficult cases.