Faculty

Background: Hospital at home (HaH) is a model of care that provides acute-level services in the home. HaH has been shown to improve quality and patient satisfaction, and reduce iatrogenesis and costs. Uptake of HaH in the United States has been limited, and little research exists on how to implement it successfully. Objectives: This study examined facilitators and barriers to implementation of an HaH program. Design: A HaH program that included a 30-day transitional care bundle following the acute stay was implemented through a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Innovations Award. Informants completed a priming table describing initial implementation components, their barriers, and facilitators. These were followed up with semistructured focus groups and individual interviews that were transcribed and independently coded using thematic analysis by two independent investigators. Setting: Large urban academic health system. Participants: Clinical and administrative personnel from Mount Sinai, the Visiting Nurse Service of New York, and executive leaders at partner organizations (laboratory, pharmacy, radiology, and transportation). Results: To facilitate successful development and implementation of a high-quality HaH program, a number of barriers needed to be overcome through significant teamwork and communication internally with policymakers and external partners. Areas of paramount importance include facilitating work-arounds to regulatory barriers and health system policies; altering an electronic health record that was not designed for HaH; developing the necessary payment and billing mechanisms; and building effective and collaborative partnerships and communication with outside vendors. Conclusion: Development of HaH programs in the United States are feasible but require strategic planning and development of strong, tightly coordinated partnerships.

Background: Nurse scientists are highly sought after and find satisfaction in serving as members of interdisciplinary research teams. These teams also tend to be highly productive. However, nurse scientists in academia also have to reach certain productivity milestones to be promoted and receive tenure that may be incongruent with team science principles. Purpose: This study therefore sought to examine whether APT documents in research intensive nursing schools incorporate team science principles. Methods: Qualitatively analyzed the appointment, promotion and tenure documents of 18 U.S. based research intensive schools of nursing with over $2 million in NIH funding in fiscal year 2014. Results: The study found that only 8 of 18 documents included any reference to team science principles and even these mentions were largely negligible. There were few best practices to recommend across documents. By not recognizing team science within these documents, nursing risks marginalization within the larger scientific community by limiting mentorship and learning opportunities for early career nurse scientists. Conclusions: Schools of nursing should revisit their promotion and tenure criteria and include a greater commitment to encouragement of team science.

BACKGROUND: Mental health and HIV disparities are well documented among sexual minorities, but there is a dearth of research on other chronic conditions. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Although sexual minorities have high rates of several modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (including stress, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption), there is a paucity of research in this area. OBJECTIVES: In this systematic review, we synthesized and critiqued the existing evidence on cardiovascular disease among sexual minority adults. SEARCH METHODS: We conducted a thorough literature search of 6 electronic databases for studies published between January 1985 and December 2015 that compared cardiovascular disease risk or prevalence between sexual minority and heterosexual adults. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included peer-reviewed English-language studies that compared cardiovascular disease risk or diagnoses between sexual minority and heterosexual individuals older than 18 years. We excluded reviews, case studies, and gray literature. A total of 31 studies met inclusion criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: At least 2 authors independently abstracted data from each study. We performed quality assessment of retrieved studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. MAIN RESULTS: Sexual minority women exhibited greater cardiovascular disease risk related to tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, poor mental health, and body mass index, whereas sexual minority men experienced excess risk related to tobacco use, illicit drug use, and poor mental health. We identified several limitations in the extant literature. The majority of included studies were cross-sectional analyses that used self-reported measures of cardiovascular disease. Even though we observed elevated cardiovascular disease risk, we found few differences in cardiovascular disease diagnoses (including hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol). Overall, 23 of the 26 studies that examined cardiovascular disease diagnoses used subjective measures. Only 7 studies used a combination of biomarkers and self-report measures to establish cardiovascular disease risk and diagnoses. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Social conditions appear to exert a negative effect on cardiovascular disease risk among sexual minorities. Although we found few differences in cardiovascular disease diagnoses, we identified an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease in both sexual minority men and women. There is a need for research that incorporates subjective and objective measures of cardiovascular disease risk. Public Health Implications: Cardiovascular disease is a major health concern for clinicians, public health practitioners, and policymakers. This systematic review supports the need for culturally appropriate interventions that address cardiovascular disease risk in sexual minority adults.

Home health care agencies are increasingly taking care of sicker, older patients with greater comorbidities. However, they are unequipped to appropriately manage these older adults, particular persons living with dementia (PLWD). We therefore developed the Dementia Symptom Management at Home (DSM-H) Program, a bundled interprofessional intervention, to improve the care confidence of providers, and quality of care delivered to PLWD and their caregivers. We implemented the DSM-H with 83 registered nurses, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. Overall, there was significant improvement in pain knowledge (5.9%) and confidence (26.5%), depression knowledge (14.8%) and confidence (36.1%), and neuropsychiatric symptom general knowledge (16.8%), intervention knowledge (20.9%), attitudes (3.4%) and confidence (27.1%) at a statistical significance of (P < .0001). We also found significant differences between disciplines. Overall, this disseminable program proved to be implementable and improve clinician's knowledge and confidence in caring for PLWD, with the potential to improve quality of care and quality of life, and decrease costs.